Perbedaan dan Patologi Diare, Batuk, dan Pilek

Diare

Diare merupakan suatu symptom yang terjadi karena adanya motilitas usus yang berlebihan karena adanya iritasi lokal pada dinding usus karena infeksi bakteri atau virus atau karena stress emosi  yang menyebabkan air kurang terserap dengan baik sehingga feses menjadi sangat encer (Sheerwood, 2001). Virus atau bakteri penyebab diare ini bisanya mengontaminasi makanan yang kurang terjaga kebersihannya seperti jajanan yang dijual di pinggir jalan maupun minuman yang airnya tidak dimasak hingga matang. Bakteri atau virus penyebab diare ini terbagi menjadi dua macam berdasarkan kemampuannya untuk mengeluarkan toksin (toksigenik) ataupun menginvasi dinding usus besar. Bakteri yang tergolong toksigenik misalnya E. coli sedangkan yang termasuk organisme penginvasif misalnya Campylobacter jejuni. Jadi, jajanan yang setiap hari dibeli oleh anak-anak kampong nelayan ini sebenarnya merupakan sumber dari diare merekka karena dalam makanan tersebut banyak mengandung mikroorganisme penyebab diare.

Batuk dan Pilek

Batuk merupakan salah satu dari gejala pilek. Sedangkan pilek merupakan infeksi yang terjadi pada saluran atas pernapasan dan biasanya disebabkan oleh virus. Bila anak tersebut sering jajan sembarangan maka tentu saja mereka akan terkontaminasi oleh virus, salah satunya mungkin dapat menyebabkan pilek. Virus nantinya akan mengiinfeksi membran mukosa hidung dan tenggorokan. Selain itu, faktor imunitas juga sangat berpengaruh terhadap terserangnya pilek. Imunitas seseorang merupakan suatu sistem pertahanan tubuh yang salah satunya terdiri atas antibodi. Antibodi merupakan sekumpulan protein serum globular yang disebut sebagai immunoglobulin. Kekurangan energi dan protein tentunya dapat mengurangi kadar immunoglobulin terutama IgA yang terletak di daerah nasofaring sehingga sering terjadi pilek.

Controversy of Animal Testing

The article titled Controversy of Animal Testing is taken from the site www.abouttestinganimal.oo.uk. I choose this article to read because it shows up about the humanity side. Despite its controversy, I think that it’s important for us to know about the issue of testing animal, both for cosmetic or medical benefits.

It’s stated in this article that there are three sides face the controversy of animal testing, such as agree, disagree, and gray arguments (agree and disagree for some special condition). Animal usually being tested for some reason, for medical experiments or cosmetics without any chance to choose and avoid it, they don’t have a real rights that must be attended by humans. In addition, from some researches, more of them most get pain and may die after becoming a testing tool. Even there are many drugs with the effect of a pain reviser, but many researchers avoid using it in order to keep the purity of the result.

The purpose of this article is to give us some informations about the controversy of using animals. The writer gives us three perspective about this controversy. Then, they gives us some statements for each perspective, to ensure us which one we must believe on, agree or don’t agree.

I think, the controversy of animal testing is still exist. But, I agree to assume the gray statements. We just can’t say oppose or support the usage of animal for any experiments. We have to know, what the urgency is and how the way researcher do to this animal first. If it is good and can give us a big benefits, I agree. But, if they don’t, I will become the opponent of this researches.

(tugas kuliah MPKE, semester 3)

Milk in Tea Blocks Haelth Gain

Milk in Tea, ‘Block Health Gains’, taken from the site of UK’s BBC, is an interesting article that attracts people to read and discuss it at this last three years. People may like to mix their meal and drink, but do they know that sometimes it can be dangerous as milk tea block their health? Maybe this article can answer this question, I think.

This article tells us about the bad effect of mixing some meals or drinks together, in this case, milk and tea. As what said in this article, tea contains catechins that can improve the ability of arteries to relax and expand to keep blood pressure healthy. Adding milk in tea may prevent this effect by reducing the concentration of cathecins in the tea by its protein named casein. But, the researchers still debate how big is the effect of adding milk in tea for our health.

The writer of course has a purpose on writing this article. They want to inform us about the effect of adding milk and tea. We may drink it together before, but after reading this article, the writer wants us to reduce and may stop drinking it.

I think, based on this article, drinking tea and milk together may cause some problems for our health. You may reduce the frequency of drinking it to keep your body healthy. But, it is not the major solution we have to do. The other dangerous chemical in your diet may increase this risk more than the milk and tea do. The important thing that you  must notice are keep your diet healthy and balance, avoid smoking, taking regular exercise, and etc. Both tea and milk have big benefits for our health, so don’t be afraid to consume it, even together. Because, if  casein avoid the effect of catechins, you may get the effect from the other substance from your healthy diet.